The Benson-Brandham mixing-displacement scavenging model was then fit to the experimental data with a coefficient of determination better than 0.95. charging and trapping efficiencies, were obtained from seventy operating points running at fuel-rich conditions. By advancing the injection timing, more fuel was prone to short circuit to the exhaust during the valve overlap, while late injections resulted in poor charge preparation. The optimum start of fuel injection was evaluated for commercial gasoline by means of indicated and combustion efficiencies where a trade-off was found between early and late fuel injections. ![]() Therefore, the present research investigates the air-fuel charging process of an overhead four-valve direct injection supercharged engine operating in the two-stroke cycle. In such powertrain, fuel consumption is as important as engine packaging and power density, so two-stroke engines may be an option due to their higher combustion frequency compared to four-stroke engines. Fuel consumption standards imposed in several countries for the next years have prompted the development of hybrid passenger cars with ever smaller internal combustion engines.
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